silicon dioxide nanoparticles – Silver Nanoparticles Antimicrobial,Copper Oxide Nanoparticles,Gold Nanopowder

February 2, 2016

Excellent Quality Nano Diamond Powder

Excellent quality nano diamond powder for grinding and polishing. Outstanding wearability,anti-causticity and thermal conductivity,stable high dispersibility,superhigh purity. Our nano diamond is achieved from the dissociative carbon in super high pressure and temperature during the detonation by the oxygen-negative explosive. The nano diamonds, with 5 – 20 nanometer basic sizes, have sphere shape and functional group of oxygen and nitrogen on the surface. It possesses characteristics of both diamond and nano functional made of, super finish polishing property.

Outstanding wearability, anti-causticity and thermal conductivity.

Stable high dispersibility.

Superhigh purity, main element impurity below 30 ppm.

Various dispersible products.

Super polishing effect with minus 0.8 nm surface roughness. Product classification:. Black powder slurry series in different cluster size distributions. Black powder series with different nanodiamond contents. Grey and superfine powder series of nanodiamonds. Black powder slurry series in different cluster size distributions. Accurate nano powders at different cluster size distributions. Available sizes of nano diamond.

Leveraging on our vast industry experience, we offer an extensive range of Nano Diamond Powder that has excellent wear resistance corrosion resistance. In order to suit the various need of customers, the offered diamond powder is in polishing and grinding hard drive glass, magnetic head & can significantly improve friction performance extend life. Besides this, our offered diamond powder is available from us in diverse packaging options. Features: Good thermal conductivity,Super- smooth polishing effective.

January 13, 2016January 13, 2016

Silicon Nanoparticle Used In The Paint　

Nano-silicon particles have a larger surface area, colorless and transparent; a lower viscosity, penetration ability, good dispersion properties. Silicon nano silica particles are nanoscale, its size is less than the visible light wave length, do not form the reflection and refraction phenomena visible, it will not make the paint surface matting.

Uses of silicon dioxide nanoparticles
1. reaction with organic matter, as silicone polymer raw material
2. Preparation of metallic silicon by purifying polysilicon.
3. The metal surface treatment.
4. Alternative nano carbon or graphite as lithium battery cathode materials, lithium battery capacity greatly improved.
5. The semiconductor microelectronic packaging materials.
6. automotive beauty products: increase gloss, fill minor cracks surface

Perfect application of nanotechnology in paint products, to include interior, exterior, antibacterial latex paint, primer and dozens of varieties. Product performance has been greatly improved: expose nanoscale some amphiphobic, sticky water, non-stick oil, resistant to wash up on a million times; superior adhesion and flexibility, not hollowing, can not afford to skin, not cracking; nanomaterials ultraviolet shielding function, greatly improving the resistance to aging, long-term does not fade, the service life of ten years; unique optical catalytic self-cleaning function, anti-mildew sterilization, clean air. The coating applications:

1, exterior paint if users need to improve the coating of anti-aging, scrub, anti-staining properties, for high-grade paint, recommendations, or used in combination alone. The former dosage is 1-5%, which increase the amount of nano-titanium dioxide 0.5-3% 0.5-2% nanometer silicon, for middle and low coatings, nanomaterials dosage is 1-2%, mainly with Nano silicon, no or little use of nano titanium dioxide. In general, the amount of material costs as allowable range Nei Nami high percentage of costs under strict control, it is recommended customers through testing to determine the optimum amount of nano-materials added to make it has a very good price.

2, the interior wall paint if users have higher indoor air quality requirements, the available nano-titanium dioxide powder or rice anion to purify the air with antibacterial nano materials or nano-zinc oxide to enhance the antibacterial, antifungal properties. Users can be improved through the use of nano-titanium dioxide and nano-silica-bound leveling, anti-staining properties and thickening properties of the coating, the recommended dosage (1-3%), alone, composite can, using negative ions and anatase nano titanium dioxide coating can improve the ability to purify the air.

3, a special paint
1.antistatic coating, antistatic requirements for rooms and other high places;
2.wear-resistant coatings, nano-zirconia, cobalt oxide nanoparticles can significantly improve the coating hardness and wear resistance;
3.corrosion-resistant coatings, nano silica, nano-titanium dioxide, nano-zinc oxide, alone or in combination can improve the corrosion resistance of the coating, particularly against sea water corrosion;
4.fire retardant paint, if there are requirements for fire performance coatings, nano-magnesium oxide is recommended to add an amount of 0.5-5%, respectively.

January 6, 2016

Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles

Copper Oxide Nanoparticles have great interest because their optical, catalytic, mechanical and electrical properties. Copper is a noble metal such as Au and Ag a good alternative material, because it is highly conductive and than they is much more economical. Copper plays due to its excellent electrical conductivity plays an important role in electronic circuits. Copper nanoparticles are cheap and their properties can be controlled according to the synthetic method. Further, in the catalyst, the nanoparticle has a higher efficiency than the particles. Copper nanoparticles are synthesized by different techniques. The most important for the synthesis of copper nanoparticles are chemical methods such as chemical reduction, electrochemical techniques, photochemical reduction and thermal decomposition. Copper nanoparticles can be easily oxidized to form copper oxide. To avoid oxidation, these methods are usually carried out in a non-aqueous medium in low precursor concentration, and under an inert atmosphere (argon, nitrogen).

One of the most important methods for the synthesis of copper nanoparticles is the reduction chemical method. In this technique a copper salt is reduced by a reducing agent such as polyols, sodium borohydride, Hydrazine, Ascorbic acid, hypophosphite . In addition, it is used from capping agents such as Polyethylene glycol and poly (vinylpyrrolidone) . Some of the chemical reducing reactions can be carried out at room temperature. Salzemann et al used microemulsion method to synthesize nanoparticles of copper with size of 3-13 nm. Copper nanoparticles were produced by the polyol method in ambient atmosphere. The obtained nanoparticles were confirmed by XRD to be crystalline copper. SEM study shows that sizes of particles produced were 48±8 nm. Colloidal copper with particle sizes of 40–80 nm has been reported from reduction with sodium borohydride in aqueous solution at room temperature. The copper nanoparticles were stabilized by starch. In 2008, copper nanoparticles were synthesized by the reduction of Cu2+ in solutions of poly(acrylic acid)-pluronic blends results in a stable sol of metallic copper with a particle size below 10 nm. Reduction of copper ions by sodium borohydride in the presence of sodium polyacrylate was reported. Copper nanocrystals sizes were 14 nm. Chatterjee et al. presented a simple method for synthesis of metallic copper nanoparticles using Cucl2 as reducing agent and gelatin as stabilizer with a size of 50-60 nm.

Chemical reduction method is one of the micro-emulsion technology. Microemulsion containing at least three components, i.e. polar phase (typically water), non-polar phase (usually oil) and surfactant isotropic, macroscopically homogeneous and thermodynamically stable solution. Copper nanoparticle synthesis by reducing the non-ionic oil in water used to NaBH 4 (W / O) microemulsion of aqueous cupric chloride solution to achieve. Solanki and so on. Microemulsion reported synthesis of copper and copper sulfide nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that nanoparticles of metallic copper present. In 2013, facile synthesis of copper and copper oxide nanoparticles size adjustable proposed by Kumar et al. They found that the reduction with hydrazine hydrate gives copper nanoparticles in an inert atmosphere of nitrogen, and under aerobic conditions the reaction of sodium borohydride, to give copper (II) oxide nanoparticles. In another study, the copper salt is dissolved in dioxane / -AOT solution and the hydrazine hydrate under vigorous stirring reduced. Nano colloid size of 70-80 nm.

December 22, 2015

Nanoparticles In Modern Life

Nano-materials with traditional materials do not have the bizarre or unusual physical and chemical properties, such as the original conductive copper to a nanometer limit is not conductive, the original insulation silica, crystal, etc., when in a nanoscale boundaries electrical conduction. This is due to nano-materials with small particle size, surface area, surface energy is high, a large proportion of surface atoms, etc., as well as its unique three effects: surface effect, small size effect and macroscopic quantum tunneling effect.

Nowadays, nanoparticles, one of the “building blocks” of nanotechnology are all around us and have been with us throughout our history. Electron micrograph of gold nanoparticles is a snap shot of tiny gold crystals that are 1/10,000th the diameter of a human hair. In every aspect of our day to day lives, from the size of our personal electronic devices to the way diagnose and treat cancer; all part of the promised nanotechnology revolution, nanoparticles may soon transform it. The very word “nanotechnology” seems to suggest something alien; something that belongs far in the future or in the realm of our favorite sci-fi movies.

Gold nanopowders were with us when human beings began making their first tools, and they are present in products we buy at the grocery store every day. They largely flew under the radar until electron microscopes become commonplace several decades ago, but now, the more we turn our microscopes on everyday objects, the more nanoparticles we seem to find.

Even the most seemingly mundane objects can give rise to nanoparticles; detecting them is simply a matter of being able to look closely enough to see them (no simple matter for such small materials). You could find nanoparticles in your jewelry box or the drawer with your family’s fanciest silverware.

I got to see this first hand while I was working in the Hutchison lab at the University of Oregon several years ago.1 Some of my colleagues were trying to understand why silver nanoparticles change size and shape so rapidly, even when they are just left in storage on the shelf. Because they saw such rapid changes in the size and shape of silver nanoparticles, they thought to look and see if large every day pieces of silver and copper (Sterling silver forks, earrings, and wires) might give off nanoparticles.2 To test this, they simply left the fork (or any of the other items) on an electron microscopy grid for several hours, then took the fork away, and had a peek at what it had left behind. Surprisingly, they found that the silver and copper items had left silver and copper nanoparticles behind all over the grid; a most elegant demonstration that human beings can come into contact with a variety of nanoparticles, even in our own homes. Forks and earrings are merely the tip of the iceberg, though. Wherever we go during our day-to-day routine we can encounter nanoparticles (both synthetic and natural).

Synthetic nanoparticles (sometimes called anthropogenic nanoparticles) fall into two general categories: “incidental” and “engineered” nanoparticles. Incidental nanoparticles are the byproducts of human activities, generally have poorly controlled sizes and shapes, and may be made of a hodge-podge of different elements. Many of the processes that generate incidental nanoparticles are common every day activities: running diesel engines, large-scale mining, and even starting a fire.

Engineered nanoparticles on the other hand, have been specifically designed and deliberately synthesized by human beings. Not surprisingly, they have very precisely controlled sizes, shapes, and compositions. They may even contain “layers” with different chemical compositions(e.g. a core made out of gold, covered in a shell of silica, and coated with specifically chosen antibodies). Although engineered nanoparticles get more sophisticated with each passing year, simple engineered nanoparticles can be created by relatively simple chemical reactions that have been within the scope of chemists and alchemists for many centuries. This means that long before people could “see” a nanoparticle through an electron microscope, human beings were both deliberately and accidentally generating a wide variety of these materials.

December 14, 2015

Some Risk of Tiny Nanoparticles

Nanotechnology poses a question for occupational health and safety professionals. Does this technology, and the tiny nanoparticles that are its tools, pose an unintended risk of illness or injury for workers employed in the industry?

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health in an effort to understand the health and safety consequences of nanomaterials forefront of work. A growing number of scientific publications of large research institutions, including just this week, the address of one type of nano-materials, especially Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes issued a new study, and seek to determine whether they have biological behave like asbestos. That is, if inhaled, is likely to cause irreparable nanotubes and deadly effects, such as those associated with asbestos exposure? Effects of asbestos, including severe lung fibrosis, or scarring, lung cancer, including lung or pleura called mesothelioma, a cancer of the lining.

The question of a comparison between carbon nanotubes and asbestos arises for several reasons. Some varieties of carbon nanotubes are similar in shape to asbestos fibers, and like asbestos, some varieties of carbon nanotubes have been shown in laboratory studies to persist in the lungs of laboratory animals. Some animal studies have even shown effects similar to those of asbestos.

Carbon nanotubes are tiny, cylindrical, manufactured forms of carbon. There is no single type of carbon nanotube. One type can differ from another in terms of shape (single-walled or multi-walled) or in chemical composition (pure carbon or containing metals or other materials). Carbon nanotube exposures can potentially occur not only in the process of manufacturing them, but also at the point of incorporating these materials into polymer composites, medical nanoapplications, and electronics.

The question of whether carbon nanotubes pose a toxicological hazard has been investigated since at least 2003. A challenge has been in determining if carbon nanotube materials used in the workplace have the same characteristics as those associated with biological responses in laboratory studies. Earlier studies used materials with high levels of other forms of carbon such as carbon black and high levels of metal catalyst.

Carbon nanotubes can vary widely in diameter, length, number of layers, and structures. They can also vary widely in surface composition, since certain carbon nanotubes may be “coated” with specific metals or other materials in order to perform specific functions. Also, they can clump together or agglomerate, which can affect their potential for settling in the lungs if inhaled, their ability to penetrate the body’s membranes and consequently move from the lungs to other organs, and their interaction with cells and tissue. Such variations bring an additional degree of complexity to risk assessment analysis for carbon nanotubes.

Asbestos-like responses to carbon nanotubes may not be entirely surprising to scientists, given previous toxicological and epidemiological studies of other biopersistent fibers since such studies show that once fibers are deposited in the lung, they stay there.6 However, questions have been raised about using these research findings for risk assessment analysis in the light of study limitations such as use of model animals, artificial administration methods, and sometimes extremely high doses, which are not representative of those exposures usually present in the workplace environment. Such limitations are not unusual for pioneering scientific studies. They simply mean that at this stage of the research, gaps remain that need to be closed by further study before quantitative risk assessment can be conducted.

November 16, 2015

Current Nanoparticles Technology

Nanotechnology is an emerging high-tech in recent years. “Nano” mainly refers to the nanometer (one length unit of measurement equal to 1 / 1000,000,000 meters) near the material scale, which manifested in different areas and for special performance called “nanotechnology”, its specific definition see the term “nanotechnology.”Copper Oxide Nanoparticles is popular today.

What is nanotechnology? It refers to a field of applied science and technology whose theme is the control of matter on the atomic and molecular levels. It makes compounds very, very small. It is supposed to deliver more effective and faster results. It makes products lighter, stronger, cleaner, and less expensive. This technology has not been thoroughly tested and we don’t know how safe it is; especially on the delicate areas of the face. The FDA has not done much research. As yet, it seems not to have any adverse effects nor have any cases emerged. However, some experts wonder about the safety because when particles get very small, they tend to develop new chemical properties. Nanoparticles can slip through skin layers, and that means they can potentially interact with the immune system and bloodstream, and possibly become toxic and damage tissue.

I did not know anything about nanotechnology until I read an article by Forbes.com, “How to Become a Billionaire.” Pete Newcomb senior editor at Forbes was answering questions on how the rich become rich. He said that to become a billionaire you need to invest, take risks, think outside the box, have big ideas and a great capacity for creative thinking, love what you do, and also think of an idea we haven’t heard of yet. Two industries of interest he mentioned were nanotech and organics. Since I am in the beauty industry and have read about organic cosmetics and not nanotech, I began to do some research. Both of these are growing markets in cosmetics. Even though nanotech was new to me, it has been around for awhile. Nippon Keidaren (Japan Business Federation) is a comprehensive economic organization born in May 2002. They forecasted that nanotech in the domestic market will gross 27 trillion by year 2010. All of the major cosmetics companies like L’Oreal, Estee Lauder, and Shisedio have nanoparticles already in many of their products. A lot of this technology is used in the anti-aging products and in sunscreens.

All major cosmetics companies do test their products and there are laws that cosmetics companies have to follow to insure products are safe, but the FDA only investigates cosmetics if safety questions emerge after a product has been on the market. The testing of nanoparticles in cosmetics continues to be tested by the big cosmetic companies using the technology. For me, the jury is still out.

I’ve worked for several cosmetics companies and tried many of their products that have this technology and have had no issues. I am not a chemist or researcher. I am a makeup artist. One of the most important aspects of makeup is the skin. After reading and learning more about nanotechnology in cosmetics, it is a bit disturbing because it may be toxic. Cosmetic companies are making these products because they are less expensive to make, they have faster results and more benefits. The companies sell whole skin care systems because they specify that they work synergistically, and have more effective results. However, whole systems may be even more toxic to the consumer, if they contain nanoparticles. Are these companies taking enough precautions to prove these products are safe? Short term, it may reduce wrinkles and lift, but long term can it cause cancer or breakdown your immune system, or damage the tissue on your face? I have changed my philosophy regarding some of these products.

To live consciously with the universe, use products that are not used in animal testing, use products that are free of parabens. Even consider making some of your own products. Try organic or natural products. If the nanoparticle in the cosmetic product is a natural compound like green tea or grapeseed extract, it is probably of no harm. But be aware of chemicals. Cosmetics are full of chemicals do you want these chemicals to enter your bloodstream and be more harmful long term. As a consumer and promoter of skin care products, I encourage my clients to do self work and study to educate themselves, ask your dermatologist. Don’t take everything said by a sales person as complete fact. If they tell you a product is going to reduce wrinkles 20% , lift your sagging skin, or make your skin soft and supple; that may happen at the moment – short term, or while your using that product continually. It may be a quick fix, but that’s not what you want when you’re caring for one of the most important organs of your body, your skin, which has a major role in protecting and presenting you. Think seriously about what you’re putting on your face and read, read, read the labels of the cosmetics you’re using.

November 6, 2015

Discovery of Silicon Carbide

Silicon carbide (SiC) with quartz sand, petroleum coke (or coal), wood chips (the production of green silicon carbide need to add salt) and other raw materials by high temperature resistance furnace smelting. Silicon carbide also exists in nature, rare mineral moissanite. Silicon carbide, also known as Moissanite. In contemporary C, N, B and other high-tech non-oxide refractory materials, and silicon carbide is the most widely used, most economical, can be called emery or refractory sand. China’s industrial production of silicon carbide is divided into two kinds of black silicon carbide, and green silicon carbide, are hexagonal crystals, a specific gravity of 3.20 – 3.25, the hardness of 2840 ~ 3320kg / mm2.

Silicon carbide was accidentally invented by Edward G. Acheson different field in 1891, while trying to manufacture artificial diamonds. A mixture of fine sand and charcoal brick is about the inner conductor resistance furnace carbon. Current passing through the furnace to bring the carbon in the coke and silica sand, a chemical reaction to form the compound of SiC and carbon monoxide gas. In the end you have a green and black crystal like components, these components after crushing and grinding into various sizes each use. The crystals were deeper, smaller purity. Some natural silicon carbide was found in Arizona Grand Canyon Diablo meteorite. Most of the sales to the worldwide silicon carbide is synthetic.

Acheson patented the method of making silicon carbide in 1893. Silicon carbide is also called carborundum because Acheson was trying to dissolve carbon in molten corundum (alumina) when this material was discovered,and now silicon dioxide nanoparticles is popular very much. It was first put to use as an abrasive and later used in electronic applications. It was also used as a detector in radios in 20th century. In 1907 LED was first produced by Henry Joseph Round by applying high voltage to silicon carbide crystals.

This chemical has low density, high strength, low thermal expansion, high thermal conductivity, high hardness, excellent thermal shock resistance, and fantastic chemical inertness. Due to its properties it is widely used in suction box covers, seals, bearings, ball valve parts, hot gas flow liners, heat exchangers, semiconductor process equipment and fixed and moving turbine components.

In today’s world it is commonly used in abrasives such as grinding, water-jet cutting, sandblasting etc. Particles of the silicon carbide are used in sandpaper. It is also found in various automobile parts such as brake disks due to its resistance to extreme temperatures. The compound is also used in the mirror of the astronomical telescope because of its rigidity and hardness and thermal conductivity. It is also used to melt glass and non-ferrous metals, production of ceramics, float glass production, steel production, as catalyst support, graphene production etc.

It is also used as a gemstone in jewelery and is referred to as “moissanite” and is similar to diamond in its hardness with a Mohs hardness rating of 9. It is much more resistant to heat and lighter than diamonds and hence has more shine, sharper facets. It has also become a very popular diamond substitute.

October 16, 2015

Application Status of Nano Nickel Oxide

1、catalyst
Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles is a better catalytic oxidation catalyst, Ni2 + has a 3d orbital, has a tendency to multi-electron oxygen adsorbed preferentially on the other reducing gases have the effect of activating and reducing gas O2 plays a catalytic decomposition of organic matter synthesis, conversion processes, such as gasoline hydrocracking, petrochemical processing hydrocarbon conversion, heavy oil hydrogenation process, NiO is a good catalyst. In the catalytic combustion of natural gas, in order to avoid the reaction temperature is too high in the air oxidation of N2 NOx, and unburned CO produced entirely using NiO / CuO-Zr02 composite catalyst to improve its high temperature stability. In the process of the preparation of carbon nanotubes, used in the NiO / Si02 composite catalyst and higher Ni content, high yielding synthesis of carbon nanotubes, the diameter distribution is narrow, and NiO content and shape directly affects the carbon nano Yield and Characters tube. In wastewater treatment, NiO is remove CH4, cyanide, N2, prompting NOx decomposition catalyst. NiO as Photocatalytic Degradation of Acid Red catalyst, in the treatment of organic wastewater, the effect is very significant.

2、glass ceramic additives and colorings
Ceramics by NiO to increase its impact, when added to NiO (O.02 (wt)%), can also improve the electrical properties of materials, such as piezoelectric properties and dielectric properties. Plus NiO in the glass is mainly controlled color glass can absorb ultraviolet in brown coloration stable on transparent glass containing a small amount of NiO. Transparent glass mirrors and decorative glass, are added the right amount of NiO as a coloring agent.

3、Battery Electrode
With the continuous development of communication and information technology, the capacitor has also been an unprecedented development. Because ultracapacitors now has a much higher energy density than electrostatic capacitors and much higher power density than traditional chemical power becomes a hotspot. According to the research showed that ruthenium oxide is the most studied, the best performance of an electrochemical capacitor electrode material, but because it’s very expensive hindered its large-scale application. Activated carbon resistance and larger features make it sights on transition metal oxides. The transition metal oxide because of its own quasi-capacitance phenomenon as an electrode material for supercapacitors. Currently, the use of Ni, Mn, Co and other oxides of resistance is small, inexpensive, and is larger than the capacity and other characteristics, battery electrode materials made of concern. Molten carbonate fuel cell using NiO as the cathode, with gas or natural gas as fuel, is a power generation efficiency than conventional thermal power of clean energy. And nano-NiO battery Compared with ordinary NiO battery has obvious advantages discharge, the discharge capacity significantly increased, electrochemical performance is improved.

4、Sensor
NiO is more and more attention in recent years, gas sensor material. At present, made into nano NiO formaldehyde sensor, CO sensor, H2 sensors used in actual production.

August 18, 2015

All About Aluminum Oxide Nanopowder

Nano-aluminum oxide, fumed silica is the use of the BET surface area obtained by gas-phase process is similar to the particle diameter of 100 ± 15 aluminum oxide 13 nm. Has all the advantages of hydrophilic fumed silica, improve static friction powder of positive chargeability.Nano aluminum oxide diameter distribution, high resistivity, with good insulation properties, widely used in plastics, rubber, ceramics, paints and other fields requiring high insulation performance.

A-MITE™ powders and dispersions are recently developed inorganic aluminum oxide nanopowder with unique abrasion resistance properties for use in optical lenses, windows, flooring and other surfaces and coatings prone to scratching. A-MITE-A™ products are uncoated and hydrophilic. A-MITE-O™ products are coated with an organic silane (1-4%) and are hydrophobic. Our oxide nanopowders are typically around 10nm, 50nm, 100nm, and/or 200nm. They are also available as a nanofluid through the AE Nanofluid production group. Nanofluids are generally defined as suspended nanoparticles in solution either using surfactant or surface charge technology. Nanofluid dispersion and coating selection technical guidance is also available. Other nanostructures include nanorods, nanowhiskers, nanohorns, nanopyramids and other nanocomposites. Surface functionalized nanoparticles allow for the particles to be preferentially adsorbed at the surface interface using chemically bound polymers.

Development research is underway in Nano Electronics and Photonics materials, such as MEMS and NEMS, Bio Nano Materials, such as Biomarkers, Bio Diagnostics & Bio Sensors, and Related Nano Materials, for use in Polymers, Textiles, Fuel Cell Layers, Composites and Solar Energy materials. Nanopowders are analyzed for chemical composition by ICP, particle size distribution (PSD) by laser diffraction, and for Specific Surface Area (SSA) by BET multi-point correlation techniques. Novel nanotechnology applications also include Quantum Dots. High surface areas can also be achieved using solutions and using thin film by sputtering targets and evaporation technology using pellets, rod and foil. For technical, research and safety information A-MITE™ or for more information on nanotechnology, please contact our customer service department.

Aluminum (Al) atomic and molecular weight, atomic number and elemental symbolAluminum, also known as Aluminium, (atomic symbol: Al, atomic number: 13) is a Block P, Group 13, Period 3 element with an atomic weight of 26.9815386. It is the third most abundant element in the earth’s crust and the most abundant metallic element.Aluminum Bohr ModelAluminum’s name is derived from alumina, the mineral from which Sir Humphrey Davy attempted to refine it from in 1812. It wasn’t until 1825 that Aluminum was first isolated by Hans Christian Oersted. Aluminum is a silvery gray metal that possesses many desirable characteristics. It is light, nonmagnetic and non-sparking. It stands second among metals in the scale of malleability, and sixth in ductility. It is extensively used in many industrial applications where a strong, light, easily constructed material is needed. Elemental Aluminum Although it has only 60% of the electrical conductivity of copper, it is used in electrical transmission lines because of its light weight. Pure aluminum is soft and lacks strength, but alloyed with small amounts of copper, magnesium, silicon, manganese, or other elements it imparts a variety of useful properties. Aluminum was first predicted by Antoine Lavoisierin 1787 and first isolated by Friedrich Wöhler in 1827. For more information on aluminum, including properties, safety data, research, and American Elements’ catalog of aluminum products, visit the Aluminum element page.

July 23, 2015

Information of Silicon Dioxide Nanoparticles

Since nanomaterials are a heterogeneous group of substances used in various applications, risk assessment needs to be done on a case-by-case basis. Here the authors assess the risk (hazard and exposure) of a glass cleaner with synthetic amorphous silicon dioxide (SAS) nanoparticles during production and consumer use (spray application). As the colloidal material used is similar to previously investigated SAS, the hazard profile was considered to be comparable. Overall, SAS has a low toxicity. Worker exposure was analysed to be well controlled. The particle size distribution indicated that the aerosol droplets were in a size range not expected to reach the alveoli. Predictive modelling was used to approximate external exposure concentrations. Consumer and environmental exposure were estimated conservatively and were not of concern. It was concluded based on the available weight-of-evidence that the production and application of the glass cleaner is safe for humans and the environment under intended use conditions.

Silicon Oxide(SiO2) Nanopowder, silicon dioxide nanoparticles or nanodots are high surface area particles. Nanoscale Silicon Oxide Nanoparticles or Silica Particles are typically 5 – 100 nanometers (nm) with specific surface area (SSA) in the 25 – 50 m 2 /g range. Nano Silicon Oxide Particles are also available in Ultra high purity , high purity, coated, hydrophilic, lipophilic and dispersed forms. They are also available as a nanofluid through the AE Nanofluid production group. Nanofluids are generally defined as suspended nanoparticles in solution either using surfactant or surface charge technology. Nanofluid dispersion and coating selection technical guidance is also available. Other nanostructures include nanorods, nanowhiskers, nanohorns, nanopyramids and other nanocomposites. Surface functionalized nanoparticles allow for the particles to be preferentially adsorbed at the surface interface using chemically bound polymers.

Development research is underway in Nano Electronics and Photonics materials, such as MEMS and NEMS, Bio Nano Materials, such as Biomarkers, Bio Diagnostics & Bio Sensors, and Related Nano Materials, for use in Polymers, Textiles, Fuel Cell Layers, Composites and Solar Energy materials. Nanopowders are analyzed for chemical composition by ICP, particle size distribution (PSD) by laser diffraction, and for Specific Surface Area (SSA) by BET multi-point correlation techniques. Novel nanotechnology applications also include Quantum Dots. High surface areas can also be achieved using solutions and using thin film by sputtering targets and evaporation technology using pellets, rod and foil.. Research into applications for Silicon Oxide nanocrystals includes use as a dielectric coating, in solar cell applications, as a high temperature insulator, as a gas sensor and for use in other coatings, plastics, polymers and wire and further research for their potential electrical, optical, imaging, and other properties Silicon Oxide Nano Particles are generally immediately available in most volumes. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available.

Silicon (Si) atomic and molecular weight, atomic number and elemental symbolSilicon (atomic symbol: Si, atomic number: 14) is a Block P, Group 14, Period 3 element with an atomic weight of 28.085. Silicon Bohr MoleculeThe number of electrons in each of Silicon’s shells is 2, 8, 4 and its electron configuration is [Ne] 3s2 3p2. The silicon atom has a radius of 111 pm and a Van der Waals radius of 210 pm. Silicon was discovered and first isolated by Jöns Jacob Berzelius in 1823. Silicon makes up 25.7% of the earth’s crust, by weight, and is the second most abundant element, exceeded only by oxygen. The metalloid is rarely found in pure crystal form and is usually produced from the iron-silicon alloy ferrosilicon. Elemental Silicon Silica (or silicon dioxide), as sand, is a principal ingredient of glass, one of the most inexpensive of materials with excellent mechanical, optical, thermal, and electrical properties. Ultra high purity silicon can be doped with boron, gallium, phosphorus, or arsenic to produce silicon for use in transistors, solar cells, rectifiers, and other solid-state devices which are used extensively in the electronics industry.The name Silicon originates from the Latin word silex which means flint or hard stone.