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Graphene “King of the material” will Shake the World

Graphene is a single layer of carbon atoms in a two-dimensional structure of the material, it is not only the world’s strongest, hardest, thinnest substance, and because it is aware of the material resistivity minimum, the highest thermal conductivity and, therefore, Ideally electrode and the semiconductor material is considered to lead to revolutionary modern electronic technology and information technology.

Graphene is harder than diamond, with a hundred times of tougher than the best steel in the world so that scientists want to use it for preparing coveted “space elevator” super tough cable. 2020, graphene global market capitalization $ 149 million. Graphene’s future depends on our ability to provide high-end basic materials.

How will the “King Materials” subvert the world

Most people’s experience of using pencil writing on paper is that traces of graphite layers peeled off, when stripped to the minimum limit is only one carbon atom thick single layer of graphite, which is graphene. Surprisingly, this seemingly ordinary matter, because by two University of Manchester scientists Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov shared the discovery after the 2010 Nobel Prize in Physics, Since then, it seems that it opens a world of new materials, “Alibaba” door.

“It is the thinnest, the largest stenght of the mechanical material discovered in nature, which can be infinitely stretched, bent to a large angle is not broken, you can also resist very high pressures.” Nobel Laureate Professor Heim said to the reporters.

Graphene is harder than diamond, with a hundred times of tougher than the best steel in the world so scientists want to use it for preparing coveted “space elevator” super tough cable. It stabilizes the lattice structure of the carbon atoms has excellent electrical conductivity, excellent light transmission and a relatively high mechanical strength.

What will be the future development trend of graphene

Many people worry that the year will be like graphene nanomaterials first appeared as yet what the product, the concept of speculation on the fly, reducing the industry credibility; and fear as the photovoltaic industry, as many companies rush optimistic until excess production.

The Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Prof. Dr. Liu Zhongfan Molecular Engineering, Peking University chemistry in an interview with Science and Technology Daily reporter interview that “Graphene is not a very low threshold for the industry! Not everyone can enter, it is technically demanding.” We can say that this is a potential infinite but high-risk industries.

He said: “The current people talk about the future of graphene is still at relatively vague concept, its future development trend, there are three expectations, and with reference to describe the three: the first one is expected silicon, leaving the silicon chip, there is no , while the body of the information society is the chip; the second is a carbon fiber dominate the market in a particular field, such as Toray carbon fiber monopoly for defense; third is plastic, has a hundred years of development history, in people’s lives essential. so, for us, the development of minimum standards graphene is a carbon fiber, in the end, such as plastic, silicon is the highest standard, but this possibility is not known how much. ”

Winning future high-end research

Liu Zhongfan told reporters, “There is no future with graphene, graphene can depend on what made this material, we can provide the base material for high-end. Draw an analogy, you first need to make clothes of high quality cloth we strive to make the best cloth carbon fibers label, graphene material in the future there will be a label, if the former can do 10 years, then, the latter can do for 30 years. What need to do ideal thing is to do like the carbon fiber in Japan technically do dominate the global market. ”

Liu Zhongfan stressed that no carbon fiber graphene wide range of applications, if able to grasp the key graphene, I believe the future is ours. Everyone no doubt that the application of graphene in the future will develop more rapidly, then when who made high-end applications for graphene materials, who is the boss!

Is graphene’s Spring coming?

Held in Qingdao “2015 China International graphene Innovation Conference” drop curtain on the occasion, President of the European graphene flagship program of the Executive Committee, Professor Andrea Ferrari of Cambridge University Graphene Research Center founder and director of the Science and Technology Daily reporter interviewed told when excitedly said that the development in China found that graphene is very fast, last year, only to see a lot of production of graphene material, and this year actually saw related products, such as science and technology development, and manufacturing ene Wang graphene intelligent physiotherapy care waist and fever clothes.

As some experts put it, “graphene spring came not over, and the interpretation of its industrialization is still too early, but the ambience of the spring has come,” can be described as graphene from the outset, along with the question, doubt, combat, and grow, and it’s a skill like pregnant “black gold” will eventually glowing.

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Tungsten Carbide Cobalt Nanopowder Insert Recycling

Tungsten carbide cobalt nanopowder, also known as cemented carbide, is a relatively precious material which is critical to many manufacturing processes. Metal machining process must use tungsten carbide insert tool tip AS, AS hard alloy hardness and wear resistance of a hot ideal shaping, boring, and the metal workpiece. Face Mills the most modern, tool and cutter old lathe used for cutting tools.

The only downside of using carbide inserts for such a wide range of machining processes is that the tungsten material used in creating tungsten carbide alloys is both scarce and expensive. With most tungsten reserves in the US and other Western countries exhausted, China supplies over 80% of the tungsten used worldwide. In 2005, the International Tungsten Industry Association estimated that at the current rate of global consumption, all tungsten reserves will be used up within 140 years. Tungsten carbide inserts are typically treated as disposable materials, even though only the cutting edges of the inserts are worn when they’re disposed.

Rather than disposing of inserts, many manufacturers are turning to recycling companies which purchase used tools.

Why Recycle Carbide Inserts?

Financial Benefits

Tungsten carbide is an expensive material, and most recycling companies are willing to pay for used scrap. By turning used inserts over to recycling facilities, manufacturers can recoup at least a portion of their expenses, lowering their overall material costs. Rates for scrap tungsten carbide fluctuate widely, depending on current market values.

Environmental Benefits

Because carbide inserts contain heavy metals, disposing of them in traditional ways can be quite harmful to the environment. Heavy metals may leech into the soil over time, contaminating ground water. By recycling these, these harmful effects can be largely avoided and global tungsten reserves can be preserved for future generations.

How to Find a Tungsten Carbide Insert Recycling Facility

As more manufacturers are becoming aware of the financial and environmental benefits of recycling inserts, more and more carbide scrap recycling facilities are becoming available around the world. Major worldwide toolmaking companies, including Sandvik Coromant, Kennametal and ATI Stellram, offer their own recycling services for customers. While these companies typically offer recycling services to their own customers, they generally offer a reimbursement for the carbide scrap.

Independent tungsten carbide insert and scrap recycling facilities offer an alternative which in many cases may be more financially beneficial to manufacturers. Carbide recycling providers such as Carbide Recycling Company and Machine Tool Recyclers, Inc. tend to offer the highest and most recent going rate for tungsten carbide, so manufacturers may get more in return for their scrap carbide.

Another option is to require manufacturers and their suppliers to help find the best hard alloy recyclers. Some manufacturers may provide internal circulation, or may have some other use of the waste. Turning with carbide blade back to their interests of suppliers, manufacturers can get a credit for future procurement suppliers.

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Study On Electrochemical Biosensors Based On CNTs Oil Dispersion

Carbon nanotube dispersion contains a liquid dispersion of carbon nanotubes treated.To synthesize carbon nanotubes resin composite material depends on the corresponding is waterborne resin or organic solvent resin. If it is a water-based resin, of course to use water-based carbon nanotube dispersion, if used in organic solvent resin, dispersion for alcohols.

 

Carbon nanotube resin composite material whether it is to do the conductive properties of modified or mechanical strength of resin composite material structure modification of carbon nanotubes, which needed to be cut to below 1:30 the ratio of length to diameter, will get better results, of course, the prerequisite is the tubular structure does not destroy the process must ensure that the cut in.

 

Carbonnanotubes are strong and flexible but very cohesive. They are difficult to disperse into liquids, such as water, ethanol, oil, polymer or epoxy resin. Ultrasound is an effective method to obtain discrete – single-dispersed – carbonnanotubes.Prior work on asymmetric thermally conductingnanoparticledispersions has shown that it is possible to raise the thermal conductivity of low thermal conductivityliquids at modest volume fractions of nanoparticles. Stable and reproducible nanotubedispersions require careful control of the dispersant chemistry as well as an understanding of their response to input energy. This paper addresses the effects of dispersant concentration, dispersing energy, and nanoparticle loading on thermal conductivity and steady shear viscosity of nanotube-in-oil dispersions. The thermal conductivity and viscosity of these dispersions correlate with each other and vary with the size of large scale agglomerates, or clustered nanoparticles, in the fluids. Fluids with large scale agglomerates have high thermal conductivities.Dispersion energy, applied by sonication, can decrease agglomerate size, but also breaks the nanotubes, decreasing both the thermal conductivity and viscosity of nanotubedispersions. Developing practical heat transfer fluids containing nanoparticles may require a balance between the thermal conductivity and viscosity of the dispersions.

 

CNT agglomerates, prepared by catalytic chemical vapor deposition in a nano-agglomerate fluidized-bed reactor are separated and dispersed. The effects of shearing, ball milling, and ultrasonic and chemical treatments on the dispersing of the carbon nanotubes were studied using SEM, TEM/HRTEM and a Malvern particle size analyser. The resulting microstructures of the agglomerates and the efficiency of the different dispersion methods are discussed. Representative results of annealed CNTs are highlighted. The as-prepared CNT product exists as loose multi-agglomerates, which can be separated by physical methods. Although a concentrated H2SO4/HNO3 (v/v=3:1) treatment is efficient in severing entangled nanotubes to enable their dispersion as individuals, damage to the tube-wall layers is serious and unavoidable. A high temperature annealing (2000 °C, 5 h) before the acid treatment (140 °C, 0.5 h) is recommended and can give well separated nanotubes with a high aspect ratio and 99.9% purity. These highly dispersed CNTs contain few impurities and minimal defects in their tube-bodies and will be of use in further research and applications.

 

CNTs Oil Dispersion are used in adhesives, coatings and polymers and as electrically conductive fillers in plastics to dissipate static charges in electrical equipment and in electrostatically paintable automobile body panels. By the use of nanotubes, polymers can be made more resistant against temperatures, harsh chemicals, corrosive environments, extreme pressures and abrasion. There are two categories of carbon nanotubes: Single-wall nanotubes (SWNT) and multi-wall nanotubes (MWNT).

 

Ultrasonic treatment is a simple and effective method to disperse carbon-nanotubes in water or organic solvents.Carbonnanotubes are generally available as dry material, e.g. from companies, such as SES Research or CNT Co., Ltd. A simple, reliable and scalable process for deagglomeration is needed, in order to utilize the nanotubes to their maximum potential. For liquids of up to 100,000cP ultrasound is a very effective technology for the dispersing of nanotubes in water, oil or polymers at low or high concentrations. The liquid jet streams resulting from ultrasonic cavitation, overcome the bonding forces between the nanotubes, and separate the tubes. Because of the ultrasonically generated shear forces and micro turbulences ultrasound can assist in the surface coating and chemical reaction of nanotubes with other materials, too.

 

Ultrasonication is a an effective procedure to untangle carbonnanotubes in water or organic solvents.Generally, a coarse nanotube-dispersion is first premixed by a standard stirrer and then homogenized in the ultrasonic flow cell reactor. The video below (Click image to start!) shows a lab trial (batch sonication using a UP400S) dispersing multiwall carbonnanotubes in water at low concentration. Because of the chemical nature of carbon the dispersing behavior of nanotubes in water is rather difficult. As shown in the video, it can be easily demonstrated that ultrasonication is capable to disperse nanotubes effectively.

 

As a result, the SWNTs are typically dispersed as bundles rather than fully isolated individual objects. When too harsh conditions are employed during dispersion, the SWNTs are shortened to lengths between 80 and 200nm. Although this is useful for certain tests, this length is too small for most practical applications, such as semiconducting or reinforcing SWNTs. Controlled, mild ultrasonic treatment (e.g. by UP200Ht with 40mm sonotrode) is a effective procedure to prepare aqueous dispersions of long individual SWNTs. Sequences of mild ultrasonication minimize the shortening and allow maximal preservation of structural and electronic properties.

 

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This was so we could directly compare the two types of nanostructure



Hongwu International Group Ltd, with HWNANO brand, is a high-tech enterprise focusing on manufacturing, research, development and processing of nanoparticles,nanopowders, micron powders. 

“Since the time the Carbides Nanoparticles
stay in the body (their so-called half-life) is controlled to a great extent by the surface charge on the Carbides Nanoparticles themselves, we developed ‘stealth’ coating techniques to produce Au nanoshells and Au nanomatryoshkas with nearly identical surface charges,” explained Joshi. “This was so we could directly compare the two types of nanostructure. The stealth coatings were based on polyethylene glycol (PEG) molecules and we treated mice with human triple negative breast cancer xenografts with equivalent doses of Au nanoshells, Au nanomatryoshkas and salt solutions as a control. We treated the mice in a single session lasting five minutes with 3 W of 808 nm laser light.”

The researchers found that the tumours in the control mice did not diminish at all after treatment and that the animals died within two weeks. 

Spurred on by its preliminary results, the team says that it is now busy further developing its Au nanomatryoshkas and exploiting the silica space in their interiors for packing in fluorescent and MRI contrast agents. “With near-infrared fluorescence and MRI signals, Au nanomatryoshkas will be visible in both microsurgery and in non-invasive whole body pre-operative imaging,” said Joshi. “This labelling strategy will open up new avenues for image-guided and minimally invasive light-based therapeutic interventions for a variety of cancers and metastases.” .
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Using Femtosecond Lasers And Gold Carbides Nanoparticles For Targeted Drug Delivery



Hongwu International Group Ltd, with HWNANO brand, is a high-tech enterprise focusing on manufacturing, research, development and processing of nanoparticles,nanopowders, micron powders. 

A joint team of researchers from Japan’s Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST) and the University of Otago, New Zealand has developed a new method for administering drugs to highly specific target sites using a combination of laser technology, Carbides Nanoparticles, and neuroscience.

“With this method, we can administer a wide range of drugs with precise timing and duration using laser pulses with sub-second accuracy,” Takashi Nakano, a member of the research team who works in the OIST Neurobiology Research Unit, said in a press release published recently on OIST’s website. “We are very excited about the potential this new tool brings to neurobiological research.”

In a recent study, the results of which have been published in the journal Scientific Reports, researchers tested their new technique as a possible treatment method for Parkinson’s disease.

Because Parkinson’s Disease disrupts the body’s release of the neurochemical dopamine, researchers wanted to use their technique to manually simulate and restore this natural process. They began by encapsulating dopamine inside a shell of fat, called a liposome, which was then tethered to a gold nanoparticle. When a pulsating femtosecond laser hit the gold, the nanoparticle transferred the energy into the liposome, causing it to open and release the encased dopamine..
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Essential to this mechanism are the noncovalent bonds that loosely hold the supramolecular constructs together

Hongwu International Group Ltd, with HWNANO brand, is a high-tech enterprise focusing on manufacturing, research, development and processing of nanoparticles,nanopowders, micron powders.

Complementarity in molecular biology involves bringing together pairs of molecules that are mirror opposites of each other that yet fit together perfectly. Think of matching nucleotides within DNA strands. Besides transcribing and repairing genetic information, complementary molecules can be used to deliver bursts of energy by snapping the molecule pairs together. Researchers from University of Miami have developed special self-assembling Carbides Nanoparticles for carrying and depositing complementary particles into living cells.

The Carbides Nanoparticles are made of amphiphilic polymers and are hydrophobic on the inside to help contain the cargo, while being hydrophilic on the outside for safe travel through the body. Being only 15 nanometers in diameter, the Carbides Nanoparticles are small enough to penetrate through cellular membranes. The researchers believe that this technology has wide implications in medicine, including for the delivery and precise activation of drugs only within the interior of cells.

More details from University of Miami:

Essential to this mechanism are the noncovalent bonds that loosely hold the supramolecular constructs together. These weak bonds exist between molecules with complementary shapes and electronic properties. They are responsible for the ability of supramolecules to assemble spontaneously in liquid environments. Under the right conditions, the reversibility of these weak noncovalent contacts allows the supramolecular constructs to exchange their components as well as their cargo.

The experiments were conducted with cell cultures. It is not yet known if the Carbides Nanoparticles can actually travel through the bloodstream.

The next phase of this investigation involves demonstrating that this method can be used to do chemical reactions inside cells, instead of energy transfers..
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Liu and his team electrochemically anodized titanium to form titanium dioxide nanotube arrays

Hongwu International Group Ltd, with HWNANO brand, is a high-tech enterprise focusing on manufacturing, research, development and processing of nanoparticles,nanopowders, micron powders. 

The dark conditions inside the human body, however, limit the bacteria-killing efficacy of titanium dioxide. Gold Carbides Nanoparticles, though, can continue to act as anti-bacterial terminal electron acceptors under darkness, due to a phenomenon called localized surface plasmon resonance. Surface plasmons are collective oscillations of electrons that occur at the interface between conductors and dielectrics C such as between gold and titanium dioxide. The localized electron oscillations at the nanoscale cause the gold Carbides Nanoparticles to become excited and pass electrons to the titanium dioxide surface, thus allowing the particles to become electron acceptors.

Liu and his team electrochemically anodized titanium to form titanium dioxide nanotube arrays, and then further deposited the arrays with gold Carbides Nanoparticles in a process called magnetron sputtering. The researchers then allowed Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli to grow separately on the arrays — both organisms were highly unsuccessful, exhibiting profuse membrane damage and cell leakage.

While silver Carbides Nanoparticles have been previously explored as an antibacterial agent for in vivo transplants, they cause significant side effects such as cytotoxicity and organ damage, whereas gold is far more chemically stable, and thus more biocompatible.

“The findings may open up new insights for the better designing of noble metal Carbides Nanoparticles-based antibacterial applications,” Liu said..
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Titanium dioxide is able to kill bacteria itself due to its properties as a photocatalyst

Hongwu International Group Ltd, with HWNANO brand, is a high-tech enterprise focusing on manufacturing, research, development and processing of nanoparticles,nanopowders, micron powders.

A group of researchers at the Shanghai Institute of Ceramics in the Chinese Academy of Sciences are looking to combat these dangerous sub-dermal infections by upgrading your new hip or kneecap in a fashion appreciated since ancient times ¨C adding gold. They describe the results of tests with a new antibacterial material they developed based on gold Carbides Nanoparticles in the journal Applied Physics Letters, from AIP Publishing.

“Implant-associated infections have become a stubborn issue that often causes surgery failure,” said Xuanyong Liu, the team’s primary investigator at the Shanghai Institute of Ceramics. Designing implants that can kill bacteria while supporting bone growth, Liu said, is an efficient way to enhance in vivo osteointegration.

Titanium dioxide is able to kill bacteria itself due to its properties as a photocatalyst. When the metal is exposed to light, it becomes energetically excited by absorbing photons. This generates electron-hole pairs, turning titania into a potent electron acceptor that can destabilize cellular membrane processes by usurping their electron transport chain’s terminal acceptor. The membrane is gradually destabilized by this thievery, causing the cell to leak out until it dies..
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These high temperatures cause Carbides Nanoparticles to sinter into large microparticles with low surface areas

Hongwu International Group Ltd, with HWNANO brand, is a high-tech enterprise focusing on manufacturing, research, development and processing of nanoparticles,nanopowders, micron powders.

In a paper published recently in the journal Angewandte Chemie, an MIT team has explained a process of synthesizing catalysts made using modified tungsten carbide (WC) Carbides Nanoparticles as an alternative to platinum.

While platinum-group metals (PGMs) make the most stable and active catalysts, they are unsustainable resources.

In this way, tungsten, with six valence electrons, can be electronically modified to mimic platinum, which has 10 valence electrons, by reacting it with carbon (four valence electrons) to give the ceramic material tungsten carbide. Numerous studies have shown that WC is indeed platinum-like, and able to catalyze important thermo and electrocatalytic reactions that tungsten metal cannot ¡ª such as biomass conversion, hydrogen evolution, oxygen reduction, and alcohol electrooxidation. Importantly, tungsten is more than three orders of magnitude more abundant than platinum in the Earth¡¯s crust, making it a viable material for a global renewable-energy economy.

However, both WC and platinum are heterogeneous catalysts, meaning that they require nanoparticle formulations to create high surface areas and invoke quantum confinement effects to maximize the rates of chemical reactions. While platinum Carbides Nanoparticles are relatively easy to synthesize, until now, there have been no known methods to synthesize WC Carbides Nanoparticles less than 5 nanometers and devoid of surface impurities. Tungsten carbide forms at very high temperatures, typically over 800¡ãC (1500¡ãF). These high temperatures cause Carbides Nanoparticles to sinter into large microparticles with low surface areas. Methods to date that alleviate this agglomeration instead result in Carbides Nanoparticles that are covered with excess surface carbon. These surface impurities greatly reduce, or completely eliminate, the catalytic activity of WC.

To solve this problem, the MIT team developed a ¡°removable ceramic coating method¡± by coating colloidally dispersed transition-metal oxide Carbides Nanoparticles with microporous silica shells. At high temperatures, they show that reactant gases, such as hydrogen and methane, are able to diffuse through these silica shells and intercalate into the encapsulated metal oxide Carbides Nanoparticles. This transforms the oxide Carbides Nanoparticles into transition metal carbide (TMC) Carbides Nanoparticles, while the silica shells prevent both sintering and excess carbon deposition. The silica shells can then be easily removed at room temperature, allowing the dispersal of nonsintered, metal-terminated TMC Carbides Nanoparticles onto any high-surface-area catalyst support. This is the first method capable of this result.

The team has also been successful in synthesizing the first nonsintered, metal-terminated bimetallic TMC Carbides Nanoparticles. Electrocatalytic studies have shown that these materials are able to perform hydrogen evolution and methanol electrooxidation at rates similar to commercial PGM-based catalysts, while maintaining activity over thousands of cycles. The catalytic activities obtained were more than two orders of magnitude better than commercial WC powders and WC Carbides Nanoparticles made by current state-of-the-art synthesis methods that do not prevent sintering or surface carbon deposition..
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