Hongwu International Group Ltd, with HWNANO brand, is a high-tech enterprise focusing on manufacturing, research, development and processing of nanoparticles,nanopowders, micron powders.
“Since the time the Carbides Nanoparticles
stay in the body (their so-called half-life) is controlled to a great extent by the surface charge on the Carbides Nanoparticles themselves, we developed ‘stealth’ coating techniques to produce Au nanoshells and Au nanomatryoshkas with nearly identical surface charges,” explained Joshi. “This was so we could directly compare the two types of nanostructure. The stealth coatings were based on polyethylene glycol (PEG) molecules and we treated mice with human triple negative breast cancer xenografts with equivalent doses of Au nanoshells, Au nanomatryoshkas and salt solutions as a control. We treated the mice in a single session lasting five minutes with 3 W of 808 nm laser light.”
The researchers found that the tumours in the control mice did not diminish at all after treatment and that the animals died within two weeks.
Spurred on by its preliminary results, the team says that it is now busy further developing its Au nanomatryoshkas and exploiting the silica space in their interiors for packing in fluorescent and MRI contrast agents. “With near-infrared fluorescence and MRI signals, Au nanomatryoshkas will be visible in both microsurgery and in non-invasive whole body pre-operative imaging,” said Joshi. “This labelling strategy will open up new avenues for image-guided and minimally invasive light-based therapeutic interventions for a variety of cancers and metastases.” .
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Using Femtosecond Lasers And Gold Carbides Nanoparticles For Targeted Drug Delivery
Hongwu International Group Ltd, with HWNANO brand, is a high-tech enterprise focusing on manufacturing, research, development and processing of nanoparticles,nanopowders, micron powders.
A joint team of researchers from Japan’s Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST) and the University of Otago, New Zealand has developed a new method for administering drugs to highly specific target sites using a combination of laser technology, Carbides Nanoparticles, and neuroscience.
“With this method, we can administer a wide range of drugs with precise timing and duration using laser pulses with sub-second accuracy,” Takashi Nakano, a member of the research team who works in the OIST Neurobiology Research Unit, said in a press release published recently on OIST’s website. “We are very excited about the potential this new tool brings to neurobiological research.”
In a recent study, the results of which have been published in the journal Scientific Reports, researchers tested their new technique as a possible treatment method for Parkinson’s disease.
Because Parkinson’s Disease disrupts the body’s release of the neurochemical dopamine, researchers wanted to use their technique to manually simulate and restore this natural process. They began by encapsulating dopamine inside a shell of fat, called a liposome, which was then tethered to a gold nanoparticle. When a pulsating femtosecond laser hit the gold, the nanoparticle transferred the energy into the liposome, causing it to open and release the encased dopamine..
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Essential to this mechanism are the noncovalent bonds that loosely hold the supramolecular constructs together
Hongwu International Group Ltd, with HWNANO brand, is a high-tech enterprise focusing on manufacturing, research, development and processing of nanoparticles,nanopowders, micron powders.
Complementarity in molecular biology involves bringing together pairs of molecules that are mirror opposites of each other that yet fit together perfectly. Think of matching nucleotides within DNA strands. Besides transcribing and repairing genetic information, complementary molecules can be used to deliver bursts of energy by snapping the molecule pairs together. Researchers from University of Miami have developed special self-assembling Carbides Nanoparticles for carrying and depositing complementary particles into living cells.
The Carbides Nanoparticles are made of amphiphilic polymers and are hydrophobic on the inside to help contain the cargo, while being hydrophilic on the outside for safe travel through the body. Being only 15 nanometers in diameter, the Carbides Nanoparticles are small enough to penetrate through cellular membranes. The researchers believe that this technology has wide implications in medicine, including for the delivery and precise activation of drugs only within the interior of cells.
More details from University of Miami:
Essential to this mechanism are the noncovalent bonds that loosely hold the supramolecular constructs together. These weak bonds exist between molecules with complementary shapes and electronic properties. They are responsible for the ability of supramolecules to assemble spontaneously in liquid environments. Under the right conditions, the reversibility of these weak noncovalent contacts allows the supramolecular constructs to exchange their components as well as their cargo.
The experiments were conducted with cell cultures. It is not yet known if the Carbides Nanoparticles can actually travel through the bloodstream.
The next phase of this investigation involves demonstrating that this method can be used to do chemical reactions inside cells, instead of energy transfers..
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Liu and his team electrochemically anodized titanium to form titanium dioxide nanotube arrays
Hongwu International Group Ltd, with HWNANO brand, is a high-tech enterprise focusing on manufacturing, research, development and processing of nanoparticles,nanopowders, micron powders.
The dark conditions inside the human body, however, limit the bacteria-killing efficacy of titanium dioxide. Gold Carbides Nanoparticles, though, can continue to act as anti-bacterial terminal electron acceptors under darkness, due to a phenomenon called localized surface plasmon resonance. Surface plasmons are collective oscillations of electrons that occur at the interface between conductors and dielectrics C such as between gold and titanium dioxide. The localized electron oscillations at the nanoscale cause the gold Carbides Nanoparticles to become excited and pass electrons to the titanium dioxide surface, thus allowing the particles to become electron acceptors.
Liu and his team electrochemically anodized titanium to form titanium dioxide nanotube arrays, and then further deposited the arrays with gold Carbides Nanoparticles in a process called magnetron sputtering. The researchers then allowed Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli to grow separately on the arrays — both organisms were highly unsuccessful, exhibiting profuse membrane damage and cell leakage.
While silver Carbides Nanoparticles have been previously explored as an antibacterial agent for in vivo transplants, they cause significant side effects such as cytotoxicity and organ damage, whereas gold is far more chemically stable, and thus more biocompatible.
“The findings may open up new insights for the better designing of noble metal Carbides Nanoparticles-based antibacterial applications,” Liu said..
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Titanium dioxide is able to kill bacteria itself due to its properties as a photocatalyst
Hongwu International Group Ltd, with HWNANO brand, is a high-tech enterprise focusing on manufacturing, research, development and processing of nanoparticles,nanopowders, micron powders.
A group of researchers at the Shanghai Institute of Ceramics in the Chinese Academy of Sciences are looking to combat these dangerous sub-dermal infections by upgrading your new hip or kneecap in a fashion appreciated since ancient times ¨C adding gold. They describe the results of tests with a new antibacterial material they developed based on gold Carbides Nanoparticles in the journal Applied Physics Letters, from AIP Publishing.
“Implant-associated infections have become a stubborn issue that often causes surgery failure,” said Xuanyong Liu, the team’s primary investigator at the Shanghai Institute of Ceramics. Designing implants that can kill bacteria while supporting bone growth, Liu said, is an efficient way to enhance in vivo osteointegration.
Titanium dioxide is able to kill bacteria itself due to its properties as a photocatalyst. When the metal is exposed to light, it becomes energetically excited by absorbing photons. This generates electron-hole pairs, turning titania into a potent electron acceptor that can destabilize cellular membrane processes by usurping their electron transport chain’s terminal acceptor. The membrane is gradually destabilized by this thievery, causing the cell to leak out until it dies..
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The cells are examined in tiny liquid chambers using the electron microscope
Hongwu International Group Ltd, with HWNANO brand, is a high-tech enterprise focusing on manufacturing, research, development and processing of nanoparticles,nanopowders, micron powders.
With the new analytical technique, the scientists employ electron microscopy to examine protein complexes in whole cells in their natural aqueous environment. The protein in question, the TRPV6 calcium channel forming protein, is first provided with an “anchor” to which a gold Nitrides Nanoparticles can bind. Each Nitrides Nanoparticles thus shows the position of a protein subunit so that the composition of the channels from a multiple of proteins and their locations become visible as they are in the living cell.
The cells are examined in tiny liquid chambers using the electron microscope. “Liquid specimens cannot be studied with traditional electron microscopy”, explains Professor Niels de Jonge, head of the Innovative Electron Microscopy group at the INM. Cells are typically studied in dry state via thin sectioning of solid dried plastic embedded or frozen material, which means that the proteins are no longer in their intact and natural environment. Using tiny liquid chambers the whole cells can now be examined in an aqueous environment. The chambers are made from silicon microchips and have very thin, electron transparent silicon nitride windows.
Research by the electron microscopy experts at the INM is focussing on two aims: “We are keen to perfect our new technology and demonstrate that its application is useful for biological and pharmaceutical research.” Researchers at the INM are therefore working closely with scientists from the Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology Department at the Saarland University..
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Prior to this new research nanograined diamond grain structures were limited to between 10 and 30nm
Hongwu International Group Ltd, with HWNANO brand, is a high-tech enterprise focusing on manufacturing, research, development and processing of nanoparticles,nanopowders, micron powders.
Scientists have created synthetic diamonds that are harder and more durable than natural diamonds.
At the Yanshan University, researchers have enhanced fake diamonds by creating nanotwinned diamonds (nt-diamonds)”, according to Nature magazine.
The team explained that previous attempts at creating harder synthetic diamonds using the nanotwinned method failed, as the carbon precursors such as graphite, amorphous carbon, and glassy carbon had not worked.
However recent success in synthesizing nanotwinned cubic boron nitride (nt-cBN) with a twin thickness down to ~3.8?nm makes it feasible to simultaneously achieve smaller nanosize, ultrahardness and superior thermal stability,” the researchers stated.
Prior to this new research nanograined diamond grain structures were limited to between 10 and 30nm, and had degraded thermal stability compared to natural diamonds.
Now the researchers have created the direct synthesis of nt-diamond with an average twin thickness of ~5nm, using a precursor of onion carbon Nitrides Nanoparticles at high pressure and high temperature, and the observation of a new monoclinic crystalline form of diamond coexisting with nt-diamond.
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While platinum-group metals (PGMs) make the most stable and active catalysts
Hongwu International Group Ltd, with HWNANO brand, is a high-tech enterprise focusing on manufacturing, research, development and processing of nanoparticles,nanopowders, micron powders.
In a paper published recently in the journal Angewandte Chemie, an MIT team has explained a process of synthesizing catalysts made using modified tungsten carbide (WC) Nitrides Nanoparticles as an alternative to platinum.
While platinum-group metals (PGMs) make the most stable and active catalysts, they are unsustainable resources.
In this way, tungsten, with six valence electrons, can be electronically modified to mimic platinum, which has 10 valence electrons, by reacting it with carbon (four valence electrons) to give the ceramic material tungsten carbide. Numerous studies have shown that WC is indeed platinum-like, and able to catalyze important thermo and electrocatalytic reactions that tungsten metal cannot such as biomass conversion, hydrogen evolution, oxygen reduction, and alcohol electrooxidation. Importantly, tungsten is more than three orders of magnitude more abundant than platinum in the Earth’s crust, making it a viable material for a global renewable-energy economy.
The team’s next steps include the synthesis of other bimetallic TMCs, as well as transition metal nitride (TMN) Nitrides Nanoparticles. The team is investigating these materials for other electrocatalytic reactions as well as thermal catalytic reactions, such as hydrodeoxygenation for biomass reforming.
This new method unlocks a broad range of monometallic and heterometallic transition metal carbide and nitride Nitrides Nanoparticles that researchers previously have been unable to synthesize or study,” said Yuriy Rom¨¢n, an assistant professor of chemical engineering who worked on the technology. “While our research focuses mainly on the sustainable replacement of PGMs in thermal and electrocatalytic applications, we also anticipate broader impacts of our new TMC and TMN technologies outside catalysis. Because of their unique chemical, mechanical, and electronic properites, carbides and nitrides have garnered much attention for use in applications as diverse as supercapacitors, medical implants, optoelectronics, coatings, and high-temperature materials for the aerospace and nuclear sectors.”
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These high temperatures cause Nitrides Nanoparticles to sinter into large microparticles with low surface areas
Hongwu International Group Ltd, with HWNANO brand, is a high-tech enterprise focusing on manufacturing, research, development and processing of nanoparticles,nanopowders, micron powders.
However, both WC and platinum are heterogeneous catalysts, meaning that they require nanoparticle formulations to create high surface areas and invoke quantum confinement effects to maximize the rates of chemical reactions. While platinum Nitrides Nanoparticles are relatively easy to synthesize, until now, there have been no known methods to synthesize WC Nitrides Nanoparticles less than 5 nanometers and devoid of surface impurities. Tungsten carbide forms at very high temperatures, typically over 800¡ãC (1500¡ãF). These high temperatures cause Nitrides Nanoparticles to sinter into large microparticles with low surface areas. Methods to date that alleviate this agglomeration instead result in Nitrides Nanoparticles
that are covered with excess surface carbon. These surface impurities greatly reduce, or completely eliminate, the catalytic activity of WC.
To solve this problem, the MIT team developed a ¡°removable ceramic coating method¡± by coating colloidally dispersed transition-metal oxide Nitrides Nanoparticles with microporous silica shells. At high temperatures, they show that reactant gases, such as hydrogen and methane, are able to diffuse through these silica shells and intercalate into the encapsulated metal oxide Nitrides Nanoparticles. This transforms the oxide Nitrides Nanoparticles into transition metal carbide (TMC) Nitrides Nanoparticles, while the silica shells prevent both sintering and excess carbon deposition. The silica shells can then be easily removed at room temperature, allowing the dispersal of nonsintered, metal-terminated TMC Nitrides Nanoparticles onto any high-surface-area catalyst support. This is the first method capable of this result.
The team has also been successful in synthesizing the first nonsintered, metal-terminated bimetallic TMC Nitrides Nanoparticles. Electrocatalytic studies have shown that these materials are able to perform hydrogen evolution and methanol electrooxidation at rates similar to commercial PGM-based catalysts, while maintaining activity over thousands of cycles. The catalytic activities obtained were more than two orders of magnitude better than commercial WC powders and WC Nitrides Nanoparticles made by current state-of-the-art synthesis methods that do not prevent sintering or surface carbon deposition..
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Such “nanotwinned” crystals are much harder than ordinary diamonds, by a factor of two
Hongwu International Group Ltd, with HWNANO brand, is a high-tech enterprise focusing on manufacturing, research, development and processing of nanoparticles,nanopowders, micron powders.
Diamonds are the hardest naturally occurring minerals known to man. Even so, scientists are working to make them even tougher, in order to use the sparkling gems as tools for cutting.
Now, a team of researchers, led by Yongjun Tian and Quan Huang at Yanshan University in China, has created synthetic diamonds that are harder, meaning they are less prone to deformation and breaking, than both natural and other man-made diamonds.
To create these tougher-than-steel diamonds, the researchers used tiny particles of carbon, layered like onions, and subjected them to high temperatures and pressures. The resulting diamonds had a unique structure that makes them more resistant to pressure and allows them to tolerate more heat before they oxidize and turn to either gas (carbon dioxide and monoxide) or ordinary carbon, losing many of their unique diamond properties.
First, a bit about diamonds: Gem-quality diamonds are single crystals, and they are quite hard. But artificial diamonds used on tools are harder still. That’s because they are polycrystalline diamonds, or aggregates of diamond grains called domains, that measure a few micrometers or nanometers across. The grains help to prevent the diamond from breaking, as the boundaries act like small walls that keep chunks of diamond in place. The smaller the domains are, the stronger the diamond.
Tian’s team used the onionlike carbon Nitrides Nanoparticles to make diamonds with domains that are a few nanometers in size and are mirror images of each other. Such “nanotwinned” crystals are much harder than ordinary diamonds, by a factor of two.
The team tested the artificial diamond’s hardness by pressing a pyramid-shaped piece of diamond into the nanotwinned diamond. Tian’s group made a small indentation in their artificial diamond, applying pressures equivalent to nearly 200 gigapascals (GPa) about 1.9 million atmospheres. An ordinary natural diamond would crush under just half that pressure.
The team also tested how hot the nanotwinned diamond could get before oxidizing. In two different tests, they found that the ordinary diamond began to oxidize at about 1,418 and 1,481 degrees Fahrenheit (770 and 805 degrees Celsius), depending on the testing method. The nanotwinned diamonds didn’t oxidize until they reached 1,796 or 1,932 F (980 or 1,056C).
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