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Colloidal gold used in immunolabeling technology

Colloidal gold is a kind of nanomaterial widely used in immunolabeling technology. Colloidal gold technology is a commonly used labeling technology, which is a new type of immune labeling technology that uses colloidal gold as a tracer marker for antigens and antibodies, and has its unique advantages. In recent years, it has been widely used in various biological research. Almost all the immunoblotting techniques used in the clinic use its markers. At the same time, it can be used in flow, electron microscopy, immunology, molecular biology and even biochip.

Nano colloidal gold is negatively charged in a weak alkali environment, and can form a firm bond with the positively charged groups of protein molecules. Because this bond is electrostatic bond, it does not affect the biological properties of protein.

In essence, the labeling of colloidal gold is the encapsulation process in which proteins and other macromolecules are adsorbed to the surface of colloidal gold particles. This spherical particle has a strong ability to adsorb proteins and can bind non-covalently to staphylococcal A protein, immunoglobulin, toxin, glycoprotein, enzyme, antibiotic, hormone, and bovine serum albumin polypeptide conjugates.

In addition to protein binding, colloidal gold can also bind to many other biological macromolecules, such as SPA, PHA, ConA, etc. According to some physical properties of colloidal gold, such as high electron density, particle size, shape and color reaction, coupled with the immune and biological properties of the binder, colloidal gold is widely used in immunology, histology, pathology and cell biology and other fields.

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Three commonly used nano-materials used in transparent thermal insulation coatings

Nano thermal insulation coatings can be used to absorb ultraviolet rays from the sun, and are often used in current decoration buildings. Water-based nano transparent thermal insulation coating not only has the effect of high efficiency and energy saving, but also has the comprehensive advantages of green environmental protection, health and safety. As an alternative to solvent-based glass nano transparent thermal insulation coating, its market prospect is broad, and it has profound practical significance and positive social significanceis  for energy conservation, emission reduction and environmental protection advocated by the country.

Thermal insulation mechanism of nano transparent thermal insulation coating:The energy of solar radiation is mainly concentrated in the wavelength range of 0.2～2.5μm, and the specific energy distribution is as follows: the ultraviolet region is 0.2～0.4μm accounting for 5% of the total energy; the visible light region is 0.4～0.72μm, accounting for 45% of the total energy ; The near-infrared region is 0.72 ~ 2.5μm, accounting for 50% of the total energy. It can be seen that most of the energy in the solar spectrum is distributed in the visible and near-infrared regions, and the near-infrared region accounts for half of the energy. Infrared light does not contribute to the visual effect. If this part of the energy is effectively blocked, it can have a good heat insulation effect without affecting the transparency of the glass. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare a substance that can effectively shield infrared light and transmit visible light.

Three commonly used nanomaterials used in transparent thermal insulation coatings:

1. Nano ITO

Nano ITO (In2O3-SnO2) has excellent visible light transmittance and infrared blocking characteristics, and is an ideal transparent thermal insulation material. Since indium metal is a scarce metal, it is a strategic resource, and indium raw materials are expensive. Therefore, in the development of transparent heat-insulating ITO Indium Tin Oxide Nanopowder coating materials, it is necessary to strengthen process research to reduce the amount of indium used on the premise of ensuring the transparent heat-insulating effect, thereby reducing production costs.

2. Nano CS0.33WO3

Cesium tungsten bronze transparent nano thermal insulation coatings stand out from many transparent thermal insulation coatings due to its environmental friendliness and high thermal insulation characteristics, and currently have the best thermal insulation performance.

3. Nano ATO

Nano ATO antimony-doped tin oxide coating is a transparent heat-insulating coating material with good light transmission and heat insulation performance. Nano antimony tin oxide (ATO) has good visible light transmittance and infrared barrier properties, and is an ideal thermal insulation material. The method of adding nano tin oxide antimony to the coating to make a transparent thermal insulation coating can effectively solve the thermal insulation problem of glass. Compared with similar products, it has the advantages of simple process and low cost, and has extremely high application value, broad application and high market expectation.

Features of nano thermal insulation coatings:

1. Insulation

Nano thermal insulation coatings can effectively block infrared and ultraviolet rays in sunlight. When sunlight penetrates the glass and enters the room, it can block more than 99% of ultraviolet rays and block more than 80% of infrared rays. Moreover, its heat insulation effect is very good, can make a difference of 3-6˚C for the indoor temperature, can keep the indoor air cool.

2. Transparent

The surface of the glass coating film is very transparent. It forms a film layer of about 7-9μm on the surface of the glass. The lighting effect is very good and will not affect the visual effect. Especially suitable for hotels, office buildings, residences, etc, which require high lighting requirements.

3. Keep warm

Another feature of this material is its good insulation effect, because the micro-film layer on the surface of the glass coating blocks indoor heat, maintains the heat and temperature in the room, and makes the room reach a state of insulation.

4. Energy saving

It is precisely because the nano thermal insulation coating has the effect of heat insulation and heat preservation, it makes the indoor temperature and the outdoor temperature rise and fall in a balanced manner, so it can reduce the number of switches on and off of air conditioning or heating, saving a lot of expenses for the family.

5. Environmental protection

Nano thermal insulation coating is also a very environmentally friendly material, mainly because the coating film does not contain benzene, ketones and other ingredients, nor other harmful substances, so it is truly green and environmentally friendly and meets international environmental quality standards.

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The Global Market’s Demand for Nano Silver is Growing Rapidly

At present, nanotechnology is considered to be the most revolutionary technology, which has had a significant impact on social livelihoods through its multidisciplinary applications. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is a metal nanoparticle material that has been widely researched and applied. At present, the global market’s demand and enthusiasm for silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) continues to increase.

Chinese scholars have discovered a new strategy of highly effective antibacterial nano-silver, sterilization does not produce drug resistance.

Professor He from the School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Hefei University of Technology and Professor Cha from the School of Food and Bioengineering have successfully developed a nano-silver aqueous dispersion with weak acid response recombination function, which can be sprayed on the wound to achieve an efficient target for drug-resistant bacterial infections For treatment, it eliminates bacteria while not producing resistant bacteria, and thus proposes a new high-efficiency antibacterial strategy. Relevant results were published online in the “Advanced Functional Materials” magazine a few days ago.

Scientists hope that a material that they claim can kill bacteria and viruses can be used in masks to help deal with the new coronavirus pneumonia epidemic.

The main component of this material is nano-silver with antibacterial properties, which is prepared by using a melt-blown process. Alexander Zanovich Medvedev, who worked on the project, explained that this made polypropylene fibers with a diameter of 1 micron. Medvedev is currently in charge of the work of a laboratory of the Siberian branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. It is not clear whether this research has been published in a peer-reviewed journal.

Medvedev said in a statement that he and his colleagues put the finished material on the inner layer of a conventional three-layer medical mask. The chief researcher of the Institute of Chemistry and Technology Nikolai Zakharovich Liakhov said that the researchers tested the performance of the mask against influenza A virus, staphylococcus and E. coli.

When the research team compared this new material with the material of ordinary masks, it was found that the number of viruses passing through the latter was 10,000 times higher.

Nano-silver medical masks, using new nano silver antibacterial patented technology, developed and created the first reusable nano-silver non-woven medical masks in Guangdong Province. Based on the calculation of continuous wearing for 8 hours a day, the life cycle of a nano-silver non-woven mask can reach 7 days.

In addition to the conventional single-layer spunbonded non-woven fabric on both sides of the inside and outside, and the middle melt-blown non-woven fabric, the mask also contains a layer of nano-silver non-woven fabric, which has strong water absorption, releases high-activity silver ions, and kills bacteria and viruses. When breathing moist gas, it will release silver ions for a long time to kill bacteria.

The test results of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University wearing experiment show that after 8 hours of wearing, the total number of bacteria on the surface of this type of mask is still far below the range allowed by the national standard, and it can be used repeatedly; the test report of the NELSON laboratory approved by the US FDA shows that the The bacterial filtration rate of the type mask is over 99.7%. After 18-24 hours of continuous use, its bacterial content still does not exceed the range allowed by the national standard, and it can be used repeatedly for a long time.

The research team of Shanghai University has developed 6Cr16MoMA ultra-high hardness stainless steel containing nano-antibacterial silver, which has high strength plastic toughness and sterilization function. The core technology has been authorized by the national invention patent.

In 2017, the Antibacterial Material Testing Center of the Institute of Physics and Chemistry of the Chinese Academy of Sciences tested the antibacterial properties of the material and found that the antibacterial rates for E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus were both ≥99%. In 2019, after further testing by Shanghai Ingeer Testing Technology Service Company, the material has an antibacterial rate of 99.61% against Candida albicans and an antibacterial rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ≥99.99%. This stainless steel material not only has a high antibacterial rate, but also has excellent mechanical properties. It is used in the production of household kitchen knives. Its cutting performance is equivalent to that of high-end imported kitchen knives. It is much better than similar domestic products and is at the leading domestic level. Get latest nano silver price from https://www.hwnanomaterial.com.

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Knowledge about flake silver powder and grinding aids

The properties of flake silver powder are stable, and the particles are in surface or line contact, so the resistance is relatively low and the conductivity is good. Flake silver powder is one of the important materials for electronic components, and is widely used in electronic components such as membrane switches, filters, carbon film potentiometers, silver nanoparticles tantalum capacitors, and semiconductor chip bonding.

 

The key process for preparing flake silver powder is ball milling. The process of ball milling is more complicated. The quality of flake silver powder’s micro morphology, diameter-to-thickness ratio, and surface condition all depend on the ball milling process. The main influencing factors of ball milling include ball gradation, ball mill speed, ball-to-material ratio, ball milling time, type and amount of grinding aids, ball milling atmosphere, ball milling temperature and so on.

 

Different ball milling aids have different effects on the performance of the powder. If only absolute ethanol is used as the wet milling medium, the prepared silver powder particles are coarser and the silver flakes are larger, but they are very bright. Using oleic acid as the ball milling medium, the prepared powder is better in flakes and the color is silver gray. Using stearic acid as the ball milling medium, the prepared silver powder has a flake size and the color is silver gray. The color of the silver powder prepared by the compound auxiliary agent is bright gray.

 

The so-called grinding aids are chemical substances that can significantly improve the efficiency of crushing operations and reduce the energy consumption per unit of product. It includes organic and inorganic matters. The main purpose of adding a grinding aid is to improve the grindability of the material, reduce the interaction between particles and the adhesion of fine particles on the grinding medium, and provide the fluidity of the material in the mill, thereby improving the fineness and quality of the product.

 

There are mainly two views on the mechanism of action of grinding aids. One is the theory of “adsorption reduces hardness”, which believes that the adsorption of grinding aid molecules on particles reduces the surface energy of the particles or causes dislocations in the crystal lattice near the surface layer, thereby reducing the strength and hardness of the particles. The second is the theory of “pulp rheology adjustment”, which believes that the grinding aid reduces the viscosity of the pulp and promotes the dispersion of the particles by adjusting the rheological properties of the pulp and the surface electrical properties of the mineral particles. Both theories explain the mechanism of the grinding aid from a certain aspect, but the grinding aid acts on the powder in a highly complex ball milling environment, so it should be considered comprehensively.

 

According to experiments, the amount of ball milling aids added has a great relationship with the bulk density. With the increase in the amount of ball milling aids, the bulk density of the powder continues to decrease. When the amount of ball milling aids is over 1.5%, the bulk density of the powder gradually increases, so the amount of ball milling aids can be considered to be controlled around 1.5%.

 

Hongwu Nano produces flake silver powder with low bulk density and normal bulk density. In addition, customers for different applications have different requirements for whether to wash off the grinding aids, and we can deal with them accordingly. Get nano silver price from us quickly!

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Nano materials in concrete

Application of nanotechnology in concrete

Concrete is the basic building material and widely used in a variety of buildings and structures. Since the 21st century, concrete engineering is upsizing, the engineering environment becomes complicated, and the ever-expanding application fields, people have put forward higher requirements for concrete materials. Nanotechnology can improve the performance of concrete and greatly expand the application.

Nanomaterials can effectively improve the performance of concrete

1. Nano silica/SiO2
Nano SiO2 powder is a superfine powder with silicon or silicone chloride hydrolyzed to form hydroxyl groups on the surface. In the field of cement concrete, nano silica can increase the strength and durability of concrete due to its strong pozzolanic activity, micro-aggregate filling effect and nucleation.

2. Carbon nanotubes
The carbon nanotubes are tubular, light in weight, and the hexagonal structure is perfectly connected, which is a good high-strength fiber material. The proper amount of carbon nanotube powder into the cement can effectively improve the pore structure and microcracks of the material, and play a bridging role, thereby improving the mechanical properties of the cement substrate. get details about carbon nanotubes price from https://www.hwnanomaterial.com/.

3. Nano calcium carbonate
Nano CaCO3 is a low-activity mineral micropowder material with a cost of about one-tenth that of nano-SiO2. After being doped with nano calcium carbonate powder, under the combined action of micro-aggregate effect and crystal nucleus effect, the bulk density is increased, which helps to improve the flexural and compressive strength. The nucleation of nano-calcium carbonate can refine the crystal form, improve the interface structure and improve the durability of concrete.

4. Nano carbon fiber
Nano-carbon fiber is a novel nano-carbon material which is formed by the rolling of a layered graphite sheet. Compared with carbon nanotubes, it has a relatively low cost and has a great advantage in production. Study found that the addition of nano-carbon fiber not only makes the concrete have excellent pressure-sensitive properties, but also improves its mechanical properties.

Nanotechnology expands the application of concrete
1. Concrete that absorbs electromagnetic waves
2. Purifying air concrete
3. Antibacterial concrete
4. Automatic humidity control concrete
5. Ecological concrete
6. Smart concrete

High-performance, high-functionalized concrete as a high-tech in the field of building materials provides a new opportunity for the development of traditional building materials. The development of traditional concrete materials is entering the track of technological innovation. Among them, nanomaterials and nanotechnology will play an increasingly important role in improving the durability and functionality of concrete.

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Graphene-Corrine

Graphene! corrosion-resistant property of a human hair thick coating can up to 3000 hours.

The thickness of 100 thousand layer graphene equals to the diameter of one human hair. Well, how it would work if applied on coating?
On the “Nano Graphene modified anticorrosion coating technical report” held in Jiangsu a few days ago, a company brought out a thinnest graphene heavy-duty coating, whose corrosion-resistant property could be up to 3000 hours, which was three times than that of American heavy-duty coating.
It’s all known that to provent metal corrosion is an international problem.The common method of anti-corrosion is to paint the metal to prevent it from contacting with air and water. Such method can only make metal not be corrision in a short time and it requires regular maintenance and has certain limitations.

Graphene is the lightest, thinnest, highest strength, best electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity of nano-scale new materials and can enhance the performance of raw materials in many applications.
Graphene heavy anti-corrosion coating making use of good conductivity and sheet lap characteristics of Graphene, adds the modified graphene into the anti-corrosion coating system, forming a good conductive network with Zinc powder and to achieve a breakthrough that still have excellent cathodic protection and corrosion resistance under the condition of the low Zinc.

According to expert said that the combination of graphene and coating made amount of Zinc nano powder only 1/3 of the traditional corrosion-resistant coating and it dramatically reduced the pollution of Zinc vapor. At the same time, graphene heavy-duty coating is the known thinnest corrosion-resistant coating, which can meet the demand of lightweight coating.

When you buy  Nano Graphene Oxide and other carbon nanomaterials from Hongwu nanomaterial, you can be certain you’re getting the finest product at the best possible price.

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Antibacterial Properties of Nano Zinc Oxide Powder

Antibacterial Properties of Nano Zinc Oxide Powder Among the many nano-material antibacterial agents, nano-zinc oxide has a strong inhibitory or killing effect on pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella, and nano-level zinc oxide is a new type of zinc source. With selective toxicity and good biocompatibility, it also has the characteristics of high biological activity, good immunomodulatory ability and high absorption rate, so it has been paid more and more attention by related researchers.

When the particle size is reduced to the nanometer level (20-30nm), the nanoparticle has a higher surface activity and a larger specific surface area, which increases the area of ​​contact and reaction with the bacteria, so the toxicity of the nano-zinc oxide to the bacteria shows To find out a certain particle size dependence, the researchers studied the inhibitory effects of six different sizes of zinc oxide particles on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, and found that when the particle size of nano-zinc oxide is >100nm (concentration is 6mmol.L-1) ), there is no obvious growth inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus, and when its particle size is less than 30nm, it not only inhibits the growth of the bacteria, but even has a lethal effect on it.

Antibacterial mechanism of nano-zinc oxide
At present, there are many research reports on the antibacterial or sterilization of nano-zinc oxide. The existing literature mainly summarizes its antibacterial or sterilization mechanism into three aspects:

1. Release of free Zn2+;
The metabolic balance of the metal ion ZN2+ is essential for the survival of bacteria. Studies have shown that nano-zinc oxide slowly releases ZN2+ in an aqueous medium, and ZN2+ can penetrate the cell membrane to enter the cell, and while destroying the cell membrane, it reacts with certain groups on the protein to destroy the structure and physiological activity of the bacteria. It enters the enzyme that destroys the electron transfer system in the bacteria and reacts with -SH to achieve the purpose of sterilization, and after killing the bacteria, ZN2+ can be freed from the cell and repeat the above process.

2. The interaction between nanoparticles and the surface of bacteria;
The antibacterial properties of metal oxides can also be attributed to the interaction between nanoparticles and the surface of bacteria, which in turn causes damage to the surface of bacteria.
Researchers studied the effect of nanometer zinc oxide on the growth of Escherichia coli. The results show that when the pH value is 7, the potential of nano-zinc oxide is +24mV. When the surface of Escherichia coli produces a large amount of amide due to the hydrolysis of lipopolysaccharide, the bacterial membrane is negatively charged, and it is produced between the oppositely charged nano-zinc oxide Electrostatic attraction leads to a close association between the two and damages the surface of the bacteria, which in turn leads to the rupture of the bacterial membrane and ultimately the death of the bacteria. When the nano-zinc oxide particles interact with Campylobacter jejuni, the nano-particles can also cause changes in the morphology of the bacteria and leakage of the contents, and induce an increase in the expression of oxidative stress genes in the organism. The above studies have shown that the antibacterial properties of nano-zinc oxide are closely related to the interaction between the particles and the surface of the bacteria.

3. The generation of ROS reactive oxygen free radicals.
Metal oxide particles generate ROS (such as hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicals, oxygen anions and hydroperoxides) in cells are also an important toxicity mechanism. The ROS induced by nanoparticles has been generally considered to be a common form of particle induction. The induced ROS can cause a series of biological reactions, such as damage to the bacterial membrane, which can cause lysis or promote the aggregation of nanoparticles in the bacterial body. Eventually cause the bacteria to die.
Nano-zinc oxide particles have photocatalytic properties, which can produce optical toxicity and cause lethal effects on bacteria under the irradiation of visible light or ultraviolet rays.
The researchers selected Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis as the test bacteria, and studied the damage degree of nano-zinc oxide to the two bacteria under light and dark conditions, respectively. It was found that the photocatalytic activity of the light-induced particles caused bacterial membrane breakage and DNA damage. At the same time, it was observed by SEM that the cells were sunken or only degraded bacterial membrane remained due to the leakage of bacterial contents.

Nano-zinc oxide is being widely used in the fields of animal husbandry, textiles, medical treatment, cosmetics and food packaging. The antibacterial effect of nano-zinc oxide is mainly concentrated on bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and shows good in vitro antibacterial applications. Get more information form  https://www.hwnanomaterial.com/.